Fitness And The Major Causes Of Obesity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1352 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Fitness Essay Did you like this example? In the United States, one of the most controversial topics among average citizens is fitness and the major causes of obesity. Statistics show that nearly 70% of adults in the U.S. are classified as overweight or obese (Akil and Ahmad 61). The article Obesity and Social Inequality further states that The prevalence of overweight/obesity in the United States is high, as evidenced by the nations average BMI of 27.6% (Broady and Meeks 202). In the British Medical Journal, the term Fat Tax is defined as A tax on fat, saturated fat, or the dietary causes of obesity (Mytton 1). Although numerous Americans love their Big-Mac, super-sized fries, and a substantial coke, the procedure for Fat Tax is to help Americans in settling on an upright choice on their healthier decisions and putting resources into a more advantageous way of life. For wellbeing specialists to completely achieve is getting everybody to comprehend that bad eating habits doesnt simply influence us as individuals , however influences society in general. Despite the fact that it just contributes a little rate in the arrangement, the consolidated impacts of Fat Tax will help diminish the high rates of obesity that exist today. Accordingly, by up-charging charges junk foods, the choice to pick healthier food options would be all the more engaging. Through this technique, Fat Tax could urge our general public to enhance their standards as it identifies with a more advantageous way of life. The important eating regimen changes can furnish people with more vitality to finish their day-by- day undertakings, and may even encourage them to join every day works out. Many college students struggle when it comes to money and deciding what theyre going to eat. Us college students get so caught up into our work or other activities that we dont often have time to eat anything but fast food. In The State Press it states, In addition to a lack of time, many students do not have access to a kitchen or car (D eadrick 2017). This quote is true because not many college students have a kitchen or car their first few years, with this being a dilemma, many of these students have to go to the student union or the cafeteria to eat. The cafeteria usually has a better food option, but when people are in a hurry they dont have time to sit down and eat so they eat the less healthy food options in the Student Union. Regardless, similarly as there are constantly two sides to each story, this contention is the same and has a restricting point of view. The contradicting bunch has communicated that Fat Tax shouldnt exist in our general public, since its considered separation towards the individuals who are hefty and they shouldnt be rebuffed for being corpulent. They likewise shared the hypothesis that having higher duties on greasy nourishments may conceivably make Fat Tax inevitably add duty to more beneficial sustenance alternatives too. In opposition to the contradicting sides, Fat Tax is really intended to just influence Americans to stop and think before purchasing greasy substances. The fundamental principal of Fat Tax isnt only for the individuals who are fat, yet additionally to teach everybody about the greasy substances they expend and impact more beneficial nourishment decisions. Individuals who devour unfortunate nourishments increase the likelihood of heaviness, heart issues, hypertension, shortness of breath, and different illnesses. Some trust the main offender that causes stoutness is the substance one eats; yet sugary/carbonated beverages have a major influence in the condition also. In the article Sugar Wars it states, High consumption of sugary drinks is linked to heart disease, diabetes, and long-term weight gain (Majerol 6). Expanding the expenses on sweet/carbonated refreshments can likewise enhance weight rates. In the British Medical Journal it states, These techniques predict that a 20% tax on sugary drinks in the US would reduce the prevalence of obesity by 3.5% (Mytton 2). Nonetheless, to be most effective, its trusted that Fat Tax should first actualize their strategies on soft drinks. In the article, Taxing the Rich-Foods, That Is they state, Late last year, New York Governor David A. Patterson proposed an 18% sales tax on non-diet soda and sugary drinks for the fiscal year starting in April (Arnst 62). Along these lines, when New Yorks governor included a tax on those sugary beverages it would fund-raise towards public health programs. Despite the fact that Fat Tax may help diminish obesity rates, the contradicting parties have helped revealed insight into its biased conceivable outcomes, and furthermore its capability to build imbalance in this part of society. Some have likewise contended that the Fat Tax will be hard for those individuals who arent financially steady. In any case, on the off chance that it can really spare lives, at that point the uncertainty of its reality shouldnt be chosen in view of regardless of whether individuals can manage the cost of more beneficial things. In the article Taxing the Rich-Foods, That Is it states, In a statement, the American Beverage Assn. labeled Pattersons soda tax proposal a money grab that will raise taxes on middle-class families (Arnst 62). Ordinarily, healthier food choices cost more than low quality foods, which is the reason the contradicting parties feels that taxing foods wouldnt be reasonable. With the assistance of Fat Tax, escalating junk foods and soft drinks should help finance the healthier food options, which means the returns got from the Fat Tax would be utilized to pay a piece of the cost for healthier food options. In the article, Soda taxes and Fat taxes can help tackle the twin problems of global obesity and under-nutrition states that taxing certain foods would fund the food stamp program: Adding a 20% tax on soft drinks and snack and processed foods would generate revenue of around US$75.3 billion. If this were enti rely earmarked for food security, it would effectively cover the cost of the governments annual food stamp expenditure. Again, even taking a proportion of this would go some way to fund the food stamp program. (Simon 22) Taxing foods will give those people who obtain help from the government the choice to select healthier foods instead of junk foods. Be that as it may, those on the restricting side say including unhealthier foods will inadvertently raise the costs of more advantageous nourishment choices. Including charge unhealthier foods wont raise the expense on solid nourishments. In the article, Raising Junk Food Prices Could Spur People To Consume Less states, Specifically, they found that if you were to lower the cost of healthy foods like fruits and vegetables by 10 percent, consumption of produce would go up between 2 and 8 percent (Raising). There isnt any way that adding tax on junk food would escalate the tax of healthier foods. Additionally, taxing junk foods c an enhance an individuals productivity. Those with medical problems have a tendency to have powerless immune systems, which makes them get sick many times and pass up a major opportunity for their occupations and their day by day lives. Individuals that are comfortable with being overweight can hurt the economy, because of their disorders or sicknesses they have. The article Dietary and Physical activity behaviors related to obesity-specific quality of life and work productivity baseline results from a worksite trial they state, Obesity is also associated with reduced productivity, with an estimated $73.1 billion in productivity losses due to obesity among full-time employees (Cash et al. 1135). Decreasing rates on corpulence and presenting more beneficial food decisions will enable individuals to be more gainful and give them more vitality, which will prompt a more grounded immune system. The contradicting side would state theres no guarantee eating examples will make a move. Dieta ry patterns would continuously change since individuals would need to change their lives and settle on healthier food choices. Decreasing rates on obesity and offering healthier food choices will enable individuals to be more gainful and give them more vitality, which will give them a better immune system. The contradicting side would state theres no certification eating examples will make a move. Dietary patterns would continuously change since individuals would need to change their lives and settle on more beneficial choices. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fitness And The Major Causes Of Obesity" essay for you Create order

Evaluation Of A Salary Survey For Leadership And...

I. Introduction Our team was commissioned to perform a salary survey for the leadership and membership of the APICS. We surveyed a sample of the APICS and received responses from 1,973 members on their individual compensation and the demographic and business factors that may have an impact on that level of compensation. The demographic factors surveyed included: age, gender, years of experience, education, and certifications. Business factors included the job type, the level of each member’s managerial responsibility, and number of employees in each responder’s company. We will present a summary of the survey results as well as a recommendation for consideration. Tables to support the analysis are referenced in the summary and can be†¦show more content†¦It is important to note that only 32% of the respondents are female. This ultimately is a large factor to consider when making specific assumptions using the survey data. Even though certain parts of the survey data weigh more heavily such as the supply chain category and the general survey population being roughly 68% male, the data shows specific factors and trends that lead to higher levels of compensation. Advanced education is one of the strongest factors that results in higher compensation. The survey responses range in education from a high school level to a PhD. While the majority of the respondents have at least a bachelor degree, the data shows that having a master s or more results in a minimum of 12% higher than average compensation at $100k+, with compensation being 51% higher than average for PhD respondents at $137k (Figure 3). While education plays an important role in compensation, so do certifications. The survey asked if the respondent had a CPIM, CSCP, or both certifications. The data shows that the average compensation for an individual with a CPIM certification is $95K for an individual with a CSCP certification, and $106k for those individuals holding both certifications. While the average compensation for those individuals without any certification is $85K. The data shows that having a certification can lead to a greater than average compensation of at least $10K for having one certification compared to those individuals

Financial Performance of JB HI- FI Retail Company

Question: You are to use the Five-Step Analysis Process Outlined at the End of the Week 1 Content to undertake a Financial Analysis of the Company Use Data from the last two Financial Year. Answer: Introduction In this report financial analysis has been made on the financial performance of JB HI- FI Retail Company. Financial analysis is the process to evaluate the financial performance of company by taking into consideration of all the financial data shown in balance sheet. There are several financial tools such as ratio analysis, Du point analysis, investment analysis, horizontal analysis, interest cover ratio and vertical analysis. JB HI-FI is an Australian company, engaged in providing retail of consumers goods specialized in video games and other home appliance. The main headquarter of company is in Australia which has been operated under the guidance or instruction of Richard Murry CEO of company. Body context Five step analysis processes is used to identify how well company has been performing throughout the time. Ideally, this analysis is used by investors to make efficient investment decision for creating value from their capital. Step-1 Evaluation of Cash Flow Statement Cash flow statement provides liquidity position of the company which reflects how well company is keeping cash inflow to meet out its liabilities. By considering annual report of JB HI-FI following things have been considered. Computation of cash flow statement 2016 2015 % Change in cash flow $'000 $'000 Cash flow From operating activities 185140 179896 3% Cash flow From investment activities -52001 -44370 17% Cash flow from Financial activities -130565 -129640 1% Operating profit margin- By evaluating the financial statement of company it was observed that JB HI- FI Ltd has increased its inflow from operating activities by 3% as compared to last year. The changes in cash inflow from operating activities have been aroused due to decrease in payment to suppliers and positive increment in the amount receipt from clients. Investing activities- JB HI- FI has high amount of cash outflow from its investing activities which could results into negative impact on the liquidity position of company. JB HI- FI Ltd has increased its cash outflow payment by 17% as compared to last year from its investing activities. Increment in cash outflow from investment activities has been found due to high amount of payment by company to acquire plants and machinery in current year. Financial activities- Currently JB HI- FI has high cash outflow from its financial activities which is related with repayment of borrowings, dividend payment to shareholders and other financial expenses. By evaluating companys cash flow statement it is evaluated that there is only 1% changes in cash outflow from financial activities as compare to last years. Step- 2 Evaluation of Financial Performance of Company Free cash flow of company- It represent the cash that company generate from its business functioning after spending the money required to maintain business. JB Hi-FI Company has been able to generate increased revenue and profit in 2015 and 2016, reaching a record $ AUD 3954467000 total revenue for the fiscal year 2016. Additionally, company has increased its Net profit margin in 2016 to .38 %. Further capital expenditure of company has increased to AUD $ 130 million in 2016 which is expected to be cap out at AUD $ 170 million in 2017. Return on capital invested It is the return on capital that company is making over its cost of capital. By evaluating financial statement of JB HI- FI it is considered that company has increased its return on capital employed to .108 in 2016 as compared to last year. This reflects that company has been deploying its capital in efficient manner. Net operating profit after tax- This is the amount of profit which is eared by JB HI-FI from its business operation. It is considered that NOPAT of the company has increased by 11% in 2016 as compared to last year. It reflects that company has deploying its capital in efficient manner and increasing its total revenue as well. Operating capital- It is the capital amounted invested in the business functioning of JB HI-FI. It is computed that AUD 2558685000 amount has been deployed in the value chain activities of company in 2016 which is 8% more than its last year operating capital. Therefore, it could be Inferred that company has increased its operating capital to increase business functioning. Step- 3 Du Pont Analysis This analysis is used to identify the true performance of JB HI- FI by using book value of assets engaged in its business with its return on capital earned. Company has 196% returns on equity which is computed by taking the book value of all total assets. It revealed that company has been earning good amount of profits in both years and creating value in its capital investment. DuPont Model: What If Analysis Income Statement Sales $3,954,467 Expenses (COGS/Oper. Exp.) $3,089,059 Net Profit After Taxes $795,893 Interest Expense $3,857 divided by Net Profit 20.13% Income Taxes $65,658 Sales $3,954,467 Margin multiplied by ROA = 80.16% Balance Sheet Sales $3,954,467 Current Assets $702,518 divided by T. Asset 3.983021 Total Assets $992,831 Turnover Long Term Assets $290,313 ROE mult. by 196.57% Current Liabilities $446,833 Total Liabilities $587,679 Long Term Debt $140,846 T. Assets $992,381 Stockholder Equity $404,702 divided by Fin. Lev. 2.45 Multiplier Equity $404,702 Before Tax Cost of Debt 10.00% Tax Rate 30.00% After Tax Cost of Debt 7.00% NOTE= $= AUD000 Step-4 Ratio analysis In this step of financial ratio analysis of JB HI- FI Company and its interpretation has been done. Liquidity ratio This ratio depicts the company ability to pay off its short term and long term debts. Current ratio- Company has decreased its amount blockage in its inventory which results into downward in its current ratio to 1.57 in 2016 from 1.62 in 2015. Computation of ratio analysis Liquidity ratio 2016 2015 Current ratio 1.572216018 1.621989504 Quick ratio 0.349304998 0.362915948 Working capital 255,685.0 236,565.0 Quick ratio- This ratio depicts the utmost liquidity position of company. However, company has maintained its liquidity position in effective manner in both years with slight changes. This ratio depicts how well company is performing in driving profit from its deployed assets. Profitability Ratios 2016 2015 Operating Profit Margin 0.021427161 0.055161965 Net Profit Margin 0.038483315 0.0373784 Return on Capital Employed 0.3 0.7 Return on Equity 0.376032241 0.397436233 Return on Total assets 0.153279863 0.152524042 Operating Profit Margin It is evaluated that company has reduced its expense and increased its total revenue throughout the time. It results into decrease in operating profit margin by 30% as compared to last year. Net Profit Margin It is analyses that company made increment its net profit margin. However, it depicts that JB HI- FI Company has deployed its capital in efficient manner which results into driving good amount of profit. Return on Capital Employed It is the ratio which divulges the relation between return earned by the company on the basis of capital employed. However, this return should be greater than its cost of capital otherwise it would result into loss of company from its business functioning. Company has decreased its return on capital to 30 % from 70% in 2016. Return on Equity It reflects the relation between net profit and equity capital of shareholders in company. JB HI- FI Company has been providing 37% return to its shareholders in 2016 which is 2.29 % less as compare to last years return on equity. However, this has decreased due to its high payment of finance cost. Solvency Ratio This ratio reflects how well company has been maintaining its financial risk in its business operation. Debt equity ratio of JB HI- FI Company is 1.45 in 2016 which is very effective. However, company has decreased its debt- equity ratio by .15 % as compared to last year data. Debt equity ratio Capital structure ratio 2016 2015 Debt- equity 1.452127738 1.605728443 Interest coverage ratio 21.96862847 33.99004555 Gearing Ratio This ratio divulges companys ability to pay off its interest amount. However, company has very low Gearing ratio in both years. If any uncertainty in the business function arises then company could face loss in its business. Efficiency Ratio This ratio provides how well company has invested its money in its business functions. Efficiency ratio Efficiency ratio 2016 2015 Receivable turnover ratio 44.04790786 47.983393 Creditor turnover ratio 8.695059477 9.080369657 Inventory turnover ratio 6.025621569 6.08830971 Creditor Turnover Ratio This shows the chain of amount blocked in its credit purchase. In both years company has 8.69 and 9.08 creditor turnover ratio in 2016 and 2015 respectively. It depicts that company has maintained less effective turnover ratio in both years. Debtor Turnover Ratio This ratio provides the relation between total credit sales and average debtors of company. However, in both years company has been maintaining effective debtor turnover ratio of 44.04 and 47.98 receivable turnover relation in 2016 and 2015 respectively. Stock Turnover Ratio This ratio reflects the relation between average stocks and sales of company during the years. It is further observed that in both years 2015 and 2016 company has maintained 6 stock turnover ratio which is very less as compare to industry stock turnover in retail business ((Lo, 2013). Step- 5 Conclusion It is evaluated that JB HI-FI has increased its business efficiency in significant manner. By comparing the data of company with its competitors it is identified that where all the other rivals in the market are suffering loss due to sluggish market condition, JB HI-FI has been earning good amount of profit. However, by evaluating financial statement It could be inferred that JB HI- FI has to maintain its liquidity position in effective manner to meet its all the cash outflow requirements. If company is unable to maintain enough liquid in its business functioning then it may result into destruction in its smooth business operation. All other company in same group mapping are providing negative 15.17% return on equity to its investors while on the other side JB HI- FI providing 37% return to its investors. In addition to this, after analyzing its last year performance, company has improved its business functioning drastically. Now in the end it would be inferred that all the investors who want to create value from their investment should invest their money in JB HI-FI Company.

The Complex Hamlet Essay Example For Students

The Complex Hamlet Essay Upon examining Shakespeares characters in this play, Hamlet proves to be a very complex character, and functions as the key element to the development of the play. Throughout the play we see the many different aspects of Hamlets personality by observing his actions and responses to certain situations. Hamlet takes on the role of a strong character, but through his internal weaknesses we witness his destruction. In the opening of the play, Hamlet is confronted by the ghost of his father and told to revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. Later on, however, Hamlet begins to doubt the ghost. He then thinks up the Murder of Gonzago to verify the truthfulness of the ghost and also to allow himself more time. After learning the truth, Hamlet still continues to procrastinate the killing of Claudius. Although Hamlet is full of purpose, he lacks the ability to carry out his intentions, and thus allows his character flaw to eventually destroy him. Another characteristic that acts against Hamlet is his excessive melancholiness. Hamlet experiences rejection from his true love, anger from the murder of his father, betrayal from his friends and family, and fear from what lies ahead. These feelings of pain and sorrow are embedded deep inside Hamlet, and eat at him like a terrible disease. Unfortunately, by the end of the play Hamlet has stopped fighting this disease and leaves his future up to fate. A s he begins his duel with Laertes he says: the readiness is all, meaning that fate will decide the future and if it means death he will accept it. We will write a custom essay on The Complex Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In connection to Hamlets indecisiveness and melancholiness, one has to question his sanity. At the beginning of the play Hamlet seems logical and quick, but this soon fades after Hamlet has his first visitation with the ghost of his father. Hamlet then doubts himself and starts to believe that his eyes have deceived him. After this, Hamlet seems to lose touch with his true self and succumb to his darker side. Over all, we are able to see Shakespears great tragedy in action. We experience the same feelings as the characters do, and thus become involved. Through Hamlets complex personality, it is possible to see how he functions in carrying out and maintaining the plot and story line. Although he seems a bit dramatic, he makes this tragedy possible.

Culture Shock Essays (1291 words) - Culture, Sociology Of Culture

Culture Shock The United States of America is a country in which many people from all over the world comes to live harmoniously with each other. Unlike Canada, which is a multicultural country, it is a melting pot since each person brings his peculiarity to enrich the culture of this country. But this melting process is not always without pain or hurt. I felt the life in Canada is more comfortable According to John J. Macionis, the author of Sociology, secondary Canadian edition. Culture shock is a state of bewilderment, anxiety, disorientation and distress as an individual suddenly exposed to a social or cultural environment radically different from his own. It happens frequently for the international students and immigrants. Culture conflicts appear not only when students come to school and learn new ways of living there, but also when they come back home and live with their own families or their own societies. The reason for that is the students are young and easy to change, but the adults are not ready to follow their example and adapt to the new situation. When I first come to live in the states, my system of values must change in order for me to survive. When I first came to the states, I was unprepared to live there, that's why I always suffer from stress because of culture shock. I feel that student-teacher relationships in North American are not the same as they were in Hong Kong. Hong Kong students often have high regard for their teachers. In Hong Kong, students never call their teacher by their first name, because it is not respectful to the teacher. Also, they hesitate to ask or to answer questions in class because they don't want to lose their face in showing their ignorance in front of the class, and sometimes because their English is not good enough to form a clear question. And if they give the wrong answer it not only humiliates them but also brings shame on their families. Hong Kong students were taught to be modest and not to display their knowledge freely until being specially called for. All these things can lead to misunderstanding since my teachers thought that I was too shy, or stupid, or abnormal. Sometimes when b eing directly asked for some questions, unlike American students, which are more creative and can always give a fast answer, I have to take a long time to think the question over, because I was afraid to give the incorrect answer. Teachers often feel uncomfortable with my silence and tend to interpret my silence as an indicator of my inability to answer a question. It's a normal thing that American teachers expect Asian students to ask them to explain something difficult. However, Hong Kong students don't do this as we have seen earlier. Moreover, their feedback sometimes leads to more misunderstanding. When teachers see their students listen to them in smiling or in head nodding, they imagine that these students understand the subject very well. In reality, some students mask their emotions and just act like that to be polite, since they think that if they would ask question, the teachers would be hurt for their teaching was not clear enough for the class. I was having low expectat ion from the teacher at that time and that affects my learning. I was stressed and felt disorientation all the time in school. Many teachers do not treat their minority learners as intelligent students, and perhaps as a result, their minority students fail in their classes (Scarcella, 139). In Hong Kong, students stay in the same classroom with a fixed seat everyday in a same year while their teachers come to their class to teach them. Therefore, students can have many friends who always do the same things with them. This helped to build a more close and stable relationship between students. Students are more interdependent. What are important is not me but we. In America, the people are more individualistic. People only pursue their own personal achievement and fulfillment. Relationships between people are often many but temporary or casual. I felt people only care about themselves and I felt that they are very selfish. At that time

Free Essays on Cultural

Cultural Relativism: Is truth defined by our culture or our culture by truth? In his article â€Å"Cultural relativism and cultural values†, Melville Herkovits defines the principle of cultural relativism as â€Å"judgments are based on experience, and experience is interpreted by each individual in terms of his own enculturation† (26). This is the basic premise of cultural relativism, that beliefs, values, and morals are all based on one’s culture. Therefore, since morality is based on society and different societies have different views of right and wrong, there can be no moral absolutes. Since there are no absolutes, under this view of cultural relativism all moral views determined by one’s culture are deemed true whether they conflict or not. Upon first glance, relativism seems like a very appropriate concept of morality in the world. It is clear to see that there are differences of what is acceptable and unacceptable in different societies across the world. Growing up in Western culture I have grown a fondness for meat, especially steak. It is a momentous occasion when I can go out or fix a nice, juicy steak for a meal, the bigger the better. This is not a problem in my culture, save those few health conscience people who say I will die by heart disease. However, if I were raised in an eastern, Hindu, culture these dietary practices would be considered wrong. My act of eating cow would be considered a moral atrocity. From examples like these and many others around the world we can see a good case for different cultures having different moral views, but is that really the case? I believe that at a surface level cultural relativism holds some merit, however if we look deeper into the issue we can find a flawed, and inaccurate theory for the way that the world should work. Some of the biggest arguments given in defense of cultural relativism are the many different practices of different cultures from around th... Free Essays on Cultural Free Essays on Cultural Cultural Relativism: Is truth defined by our culture or our culture by truth? In his article â€Å"Cultural relativism and cultural values†, Melville Herkovits defines the principle of cultural relativism as â€Å"judgments are based on experience, and experience is interpreted by each individual in terms of his own enculturation† (26). This is the basic premise of cultural relativism, that beliefs, values, and morals are all based on one’s culture. Therefore, since morality is based on society and different societies have different views of right and wrong, there can be no moral absolutes. Since there are no absolutes, under this view of cultural relativism all moral views determined by one’s culture are deemed true whether they conflict or not. Upon first glance, relativism seems like a very appropriate concept of morality in the world. It is clear to see that there are differences of what is acceptable and unacceptable in different societies across the world. Growing up in Western culture I have grown a fondness for meat, especially steak. It is a momentous occasion when I can go out or fix a nice, juicy steak for a meal, the bigger the better. This is not a problem in my culture, save those few health conscience people who say I will die by heart disease. However, if I were raised in an eastern, Hindu, culture these dietary practices would be considered wrong. My act of eating cow would be considered a moral atrocity. From examples like these and many others around the world we can see a good case for different cultures having different moral views, but is that really the case? I believe that at a surface level cultural relativism holds some merit, however if we look deeper into the issue we can find a flawed, and inaccurate theory for the way that the world should work. Some of the biggest arguments given in defense of cultural relativism are the many different practices of different cultures from around th...

How each film uses aesthetics to offer a truth about the world Essay

How each film uses aesthetics to offer a truth about the world - Essay Example There are some documentaries that unsettle you to the deepest core of your being, putting you right off your brunch. I'm looking at you, capturing the Friedman’s. There are others that remind you that though the world can be a place fraught with suffering, it is also replete with miracles. Searching for Sugar Man is definitely in the latter category. The 2012 film (and that year's Best Documentary Feature winner) chronicles the rise and fall and unexpected re-rise of a Mexican-American singer-songwriter with all of Bob Dylan's poetic lyricism and righteous anti-establishment rage and none of his success: Rodriguez. After a couple of years in the late 60s and early 70s playing gigs in places named thing like, unironically, The Sewer, Rodriguez returned to a job in construction and a brief flirtation with local politics, surrendering his hopes of a musical career. Haven't heard of him? You must be American. What neither he, nor his producers, nor (probably) his record label knew was that while he was demolishing buildings and doing whatever one does with drywall, his music was fueling the anti-Apartheid movement in South Africa, and the artist himself had become a quasi-mythical figure around whom rumors of a spectacularly gruesome onstage suicide were as widely and ferociously traded as the bootleg copies of his two albums. Because of the nature of a dictatorship, South Africans had very little unsanctioned information about the world outside their borders. But even though his fans (which, it seems important to note, seem to be largely white) didn't know who or where Rodriguez was, they did know that his lyrics criticizing unjust economic and social practices (inspired by his native Detroit) gave them a vocabulary with which to resist and begin to dismantle the cruelties and perversions of human dignity they were witnessing. And when a couple of musicians and writers try to hunt down the true biography of their poet and prophet, a pretty magical reunion t akes place. One of the journalists interviewed by the filmmaker describes this unlikely series of events as sounding like "a bad PR campaign" because it was so unlike how he understands the world to work, and Searching for Sugar Man feels like a myth while watching. Rodriguez remains an elusive figure throughout, even after he is rediscovered. He slides through different names and identities as purposefully and smoothly as he walks through the largely abandoned streets of the working-class neighborhood where he still lives in Detroit, and is clearly uncomfortable talking about his remarkable story. But it's a story that makes poets of his fellow construction workers and family as they marvel at how their unassuming friend and father live a dual life as a South African rock star. Though not quite reaching the heights of exuberant aesthetic grace achieved by man wire, Searching for Sugar Man will make you believe in fairy tales. Bernie is a 2011 black comedy film directed by Richard L inklater, and written by Linklater andSkipHollandsworth. The making of the film, based on an article in Texas monthly magazine by Skip Holland worth, whom also co-wrote the comedic film with Linklater, divided citizens ofCartharage, Texas, the small town in East Texas where the Nugent murder occurred. In the film, Linklater includes interviews with several Carthage residents about

Aspects of Business Offers and Proposals Assignment - 2

Aspects of Business Offers and Proposals - Assignment Example According to English Contract Law, it has been recognized that the communication is done through post ultimately gives rise to various practical problems. The offer that is posted and the letter of acceptance which takes several days to arrive is one of the problems by communicating through the post. With reference to the case of â€Å"Household Fire Insurance v Grant† (1879), in order to overcome this difficulty, the courts established the rule of ‘postal acceptance’ which depicts that acceptance of the offer is complete when it is posted (University of London, 2012). According to Article 4, the communication through ‘Electronic Messages’ is regarded as the communication that the parties engaged in an agreement or an offer made by means of data messages. The conception of data messages includes information or data created, despatched, received or accumulated by visual, electronic or magnetic means (United Nations, 2007). As identified in the case of â€Å"Byrne v van Tienhoven† (1880), an offer can be rescinded in any situation or condition before accepting the offer but the revocation should be informed and corresponded to the offeree, though it is not obligatory on behalf of the offeror. It can be stated that a particular offer can be withdrawn in any condition or situation (United Nations, 2007). In this particular case study, the primary consideration would be that whether a contract has already been formed or not between Jones Ltd and Smith Plc. From the case study, it has been identified that Smith Plc is not obliged to go for any such agreement in order to perform services to all the photocopying machines of Jones Ltd because no such contract has been formed and that was just a proposal or an offer.

Interviewing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interviewing - Coursework Example For behavioral interview, the candidate should prepare for questions like â€Å"how you behaved† rather than â€Å"how you will behave†. These interviews are trickier as they check the present mindedness and promptness of response of the candidates. Best way for preparing for a behavioral interview is predicting and brainstorming questions and suitable answers to them. Unless otherwise instructed, a parole officer needs to be dressed in collar shirt preferably with a tie and dress pant. Flip-flops, stocking hats, baseball hats, knit caps, and mini-skirts are not allowed. The formal dressing inculcates formality in the behavior which aids in the interview preparations. Proper dressing of the candidate serves as a symbol of his/her respect for the job, organization, and the interviewer. Although there is no proper dress code, yet it is preferable for the candidate to wear well pressed collar shirt with a dress pant. Men should preferably wear light shades of blue, white, and grey. For both types of interview, i.e. the traditional interview and the behavioral interview, the aforementioned dress code suffices.

Development of Recycling Company

Development of Recycling Company Executive Summary Recently, the growing utilization of plastics are specifically used domestic purpose and produced from industrial and consumer applications and need to combined with increased consumer awareness surrounding solid waste recycling, has led to an increased demand for recycled plastic resins and products for our general purposes. One of the quickest increasing types of collected plastic materials for recycling is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from post-consumer beverage and water bottles. Replay Plastics will capitalize on the opportunities in the recycled resin and packaging markets through two main divisions: a Recycling Division and a Packaging Division. The Company will create a PET cleaning and refining plant where located in the western United States (all 16 major North American PET recycling plants are currently located in the eastern United States or Canada). To be honest, Its initial capacity will be 46 million pounds, and it will utilize post-consumer bottle feed stock presently collected in California, Oregon and Washington States, which collect over 200 million pounds per year. The Company will be vertically integrated and utilize almost all of its recycled material in its Packaging Division and any surplus materials (clean flake) produced will be sold to outside companies. The extruded sheet may then be sold to manufacturers who will thermoform it into high-visibility packaging or use it in other high value added manufacturing operations. The strapping will be sold to companies who ship large packages or pallets, such as the lumber milling industry. The Company currently has commitments available from customers to purchase the entire product produced. MANAGEMENT Ben Braddock, President who has experienced since 30-years of history and related with encompassing all aspects of Polymer Raw Material, Plastic Conversion Methods, and Venture Development. Moreover, he has founded great ventures in the plastic converting industry, and assisted in the launch of five plastic converting manufacturing plants. In his personal life, Sam McGuire, Executive VP and COO, is a graduate Engineer with almost over 20 years experience in the post-consumer plastics recycling industry and is the inventor of the primary cleaning refining technology used in the process for this project. He has received a patent for his technology and has been directly involved in over twenty-five major post consumer plastics recycling projects. Carl R. Smith, CFO, has over 30 years investment and merchant banking and management experience. He has assisted in raising over $500 million and served as board member and/or officer in over 40 public and private companies. FINANCIAL SUMMARY Moreover, after a four month grow-up period to build the recycling and packaging facilities, buy equipment, and incorporate the business, Replay Plastics will begin a quick turnaround of product. Sales will begin in May, and with over $15 Million in sales the first year, we will see a first year net profit of $2.3 Million. The owners are investing $500,000 each, for a total of $1.5 Million, and are securing an $800K long-term loan. The Company is also looking an investment of $2,700,000 in order to begin operations. Then, these funds will be used for the purchase of one recycling line and one manufacturing line, for create of the plant facilities and for working capital. An outside investor providing this amount would receive 48% equity in Replay, and receive an IRR of 69% from simple dividends alone over the next 5 years. At the end of that period, we will consider a public offering of stock or a buy-out by a related business. Recent information on private sales of similar industry companies has indicated that transactions under $25 million have averaged 5.3 times EBITDA, while transactions in the range of $25-250 million have averaged over 7 times EBITDA. Further details can be found in the Financial Plan, below. 1.1 Objectives Sales passing $15 million in first year, $31 million in year 2, growing to $43 million. Gross margin of 35% or more in first year, 45% in second year then 50% or more. Net profit of 13% in year one, then exceeding 20% annually starting in year two. 1.2 Mission Replay Plastics is a generally manufacturing company dedicated to converting waste plastic materials into commercially viable products, utilizing environmentally friendly recycling and manufacturing methods. We intend to make enough profit to generate a significant return for our investors and to finance continued growth and continued development in quality products. We will also maintain a friendly, fair, and creative work environment, which respects diversity, new ideas and hard work. 1.3 Keys to Success The main keys to the success of the Company are: Secure Supply- Contract for supply of post-consumer bottles and post-industrial manufacturing waste for PET raw material feed stock. Marketing Contractual arrangements for the sale of virtually all initial production. Management Strong senior management with extensive, broad-based, industry-specific experience. 1.4 Potential Risks Unavailable or scarce raw material feed stock for production Replay is confident that it has secured good availability of low cost post-consumer PET bottles (feed stock) derived from post-consumer beverage bottles from California based recycling collectors, and has back up sources identified. Technology employed may be unreliable or unproven Replay will use a proven, patented technology that was developed by one of its principals for the cleaning and recycling phase. The extrusion division will employ commercially proven technology the industry is employing unique recycled PET technology which is used by prominent eastern U.S. manufacturers of PET extrusions. There may not be a market for the Companys products The Industry-wide experience of the Management Team has allowed them to identify markets for the Companys products. Their expertise and reputations have allowed them to obtain commitments for virtually all of the planned initial production. The location may not be near enough to markets The markets that have been identified are primarily in the western U.S., which will provide a distinct advantage to the Company because of freight costs and delivery timing. The Company may not be able to attract top management The Company has assembled a world class management team with proven ability and direct experience in the Companys market segments. Company may not meet environmental standards This environmentally-favorable venture provides for the development of technically feasible and economically viable solutions to PET plastic beverage bottle recycling, as well as environmentally aware in-house re-use practices which filter and return nearly all of the process water to the production lines. The Company may not be able to sell all of its production capability Through the Senior Managements industry-wide contacts, the Company has identified potential customers and received commitments for all of the production potential of the initial facility. Company Summary The Company will capitalize on the opportunities in the recycled resin and packaging markets through two main divisions: a Recycling Division and a Packaging Division. Recycling Division Using a patented process, the Company will create a PET cleaning and refining plant located in the western United States; we have chosen this region because all 16 major North American PET recycling plants are currently located in the eastern United States or Canada, despite western states favorable recycling attitudes among consumers. Its initial annual capacity will be 46 million pounds and it will utilize bottle feed stock from California, Oregon and Washington States, which collect over 200,000,000 pounds per year. The Company will become totally vertically integrated, and use all or almost all of its recycled material in its Packaging Division. Any surplus material produced will be sold to outside companies. Packaging Division We will create a plant (actual facilities to be shared with the Recycling Division) to manufacture extruded plastic roll stock sheet or high-strength strapping, employing state-of-the-art technology developed to utilize recycled PET resin. The extruded sheet will be primarily sold to thermoformers who will convert it into high visibility packaging, as well as laminators and fabricators. The strapping will be sold to commercial users for use as package or pallet strapping. The Company currently has commitments from customers to purchase all of the initial production capacity. Excess flake will be sold to outside customers. 2.1 Company Ownership Replay Plastics is owned by the initial founders, B. Braddock, S. McGuire and C. Smith, who are the proposed three executives of the operating entity. The plan was conceived and developed by these individuals, with the intent to apply their extensive experience and contacts in the industry to building a successful profitable corporation. 2.1.1 Potential Conflict Our COO, Mr. Sam McGuire, the inventor and patent holder of the recycling process to be used by the Company, is a principal in Company A of Chicago, IL. For many years, Company has designed, manufactured and assembled plastic recycling equipment, and has given us quotes on meeting our needs in this area. After a thorough investigation, Replay has found that Company A is able to source or supply the required equipment at considerably lower cost than any other company from which a quote was available. Mr. McGuire has disclosed that Company A has included a smaller than normal margin in their quote on goods they will manufacture, to cover overhead, contingency and profit which might result in a small benefit to him. They have agreed to source all of the equipment possible with no added margin. Replay has concluded that the savings available outweigh any other consideration and that we will purchase the cleaning and refining equipment from Company A. 2.2 Start-up Summary Our start-up expenses are budgeted at $210,000, which is mostly for on-site contractor services during facility preparation. $50,000 has been set aside for legal and accounting, $25,000 for special consulting that may be required during start up and $50,000 each for local engineering and lab equipment and supplies. $30,000 has been set aside as a contingency for the start up period. Our largest Start-up Requirement is the building of the recycling and extrusion facility. Its final value at completion is listed below as a long-term asset of $3,620,000 (excluding expensed items like consultants and engineering listed above). Aside from the building itself, we need $25,000 in machinery and fixtures, $500,000 of inventory (plastic bottle feed stock) and cash to cover us through the initial year. Start-up Funding Start-up Expenses to Fund $210,000 Start-up Assets to Fund $4,790,000 Total Funding Required $5,000,000 Assets Non-cash Assets from Start-up $4,145,000 Cash Requirements from Start-up $645,000 Additional Cash Raised $0 Cash Balance on Starting Date $645,000 Total Assets $4,790,000 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current Borrowing $0 Long-term Liabilities $800,000 Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) $0 Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) $0 Total Liabilities $800,000 Capital Planned Investment Founders $1,500,000 Investor $2,700,000 Additional Investment Requirement $0 Total Planned Investment $4,200,000 Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) ($210,000) Total Capital $3,990,000 Total Capital and Liabilities $4,790,000 Total Funding $5,000,000 Start-up Requirements Start-up Expenses Legal Accounting $50,000 Stationery etc. $5,000 Consultants $25,000 Lab Equipment $50,000 Local Engineering $50,000 Misc Start up $30,000 Other $0 Total Start-up Expenses $210,000 Start-up Assets Cash Required $645,000 Start-up Inventory $500,000 Other Current Assets $25,000 Long-term Assets $3,620,000 Total Assets $4,790,000 Total Requirements $5,000,000 Products Replay Plastics will utilize two processes in the same facility to produce: Cleaned and recycled plastic PET flake (RPET), recovered from post-consumer beverage bottles and manufacturing waste produced by its sheet customers Extruded roll stock sheet PET. Extruded PET high-strength strapping for securing large packages or pallet loads; each using 100% RPET produced in-house 3.1 Product Description Roll stock sheet will be sold to custom thermoformers primarily to be used to produce high-visibility packaging. It will also be sold to manufacturers of laminates and fabricated plastic products. High strength PET packaging strapping is used to secure packages or pallets in such industries as lumber milling and corrugated and other paper production. Both products will be extruded from post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. The recycling programs in California, Washington and Oregon collect in excess of 200,000,000 pounds of PET bottles per annum. Replay initial capacity will be 46,000,000 pounds. Using a patented process, Replay will clean and refine the PET material from the post-consumer bottle stock and post-industrial manufacturing waste. The PET flake resin produced will be extruded into roll stock sheet or high-strength strapping. Although the Company expects to convert all of its bottle feed stock into extruded products, any surplus flake will be sold to outside manufacturers. 3.2 Competitive Comparison While quality and delivery are important factors to our potential clients, price is most often the determining factor in a buying decision. Good-quality packaging products manufactured from recycled (less expensive) resins, as close as practical to the end customers operations, will be most competitive and achieve a significant market share. These factors have helped to determine the business parameters of Replay Plastics. 3.3 Sourcing In excess of 200,000,000 pounds of post-consumer PET beverage bottles are collected and available as feed stock for manufacturers who can re-process this material into commercial products. The Company has excellent relations with the firms and associations that collect and distribute these materials and has been assured that its requirements will be available for the foreseeable future. The Company has entered negotiations with a California based source of post-consumer bottles and is confident that sufficient volumes are available on a contract basis from this source to satisfy its requirements. In addition, the Company intends to purchase production waste from its sheet customers and blend it into its feed stock. Currently, the majority of the post-consumer PET bottles collected in California, Oregon and Washington are exported to China. The Chinese have absorbed the amounts surplus to the use in North America. Their interest has kept the industry in the position of being able to maintain a steady price range for this bottle stock. A significant percentage of all sales of such bottle stock are managed by Plastics Recycling Corporation of California (PRCC), an industry funded marketing agency which operates similarly to a co-operative. They accept bids from potential buyers on behalf of the firms which act as consolidators, which accumulate stocks from the smaller, individual bottle-recycling depots. Some amount of the available stocks are regularly bought by recyclers in eastern North America who focus on the carpet manufacturers who use RPET resin in their process, but the high cost of transport from the western U.S. makes eastern sources more desirable. Replay has a good relationship with Company B, one of the larger consolidators in California. Company B has indicated a desire to contract to supply Replay with all of its raw material needs. They prefer to deal with a local consumer such as Replay, rather than the uncertainty and extra preparation requirements of the export market. There are other sources of post-consumer feed stock known to Replay, and we are confident that we will have sufficient materials available for our production needs. 3.4 Technology Sam McGuire, a key member of our Management team, is one of the original innovators of cleaning and refining technology for post-consumer PET, and we will be utilizing his patented process in our recycling facility. Sam has worked in the establishment and operation of facilities employing similar technologies over the last several years. On the manufacturing side, Management has been an integral part of the advancement of industry practices over the last twenty years or so, and includes in their knowledge base most, if not all, of the state-of-the-art available equipment and manufacturing techniques. Market Analysis Summary Strong demand for recycled plastics is working in the industrys favor. Major users of plastic packaging, apparently responding to consumer desires, have begun incorporating at least some recycled plastic content in their products as part of the growing interest in recycling. Recycled resin demand is on the rise as prices for the two major recycled resins, PET and HDPE, continue to hold value or appreciate against their virgin counterparts. In volume, PET is currently the number one recycled resin. Supply of recycled PET is in excess of 800 million pounds per year. This figure is expected to grow, reaching over 1 billion pounds during the next few years. The plastics industry has developed new markets and applications for recycled resins from both post-consumer and post-industrial sources. PET leads the recycled recovered resins as the most visible and valuable, and its use is increasing. Of the total 3.7 billion pounds of PET consumed in 1997, just 16% was from recycled sources. Of the more than 90 billion pounds of plastics produced annually in the United States, less than 5% is from recycled sources. Plastics, after aluminium, represent the second highest value material in the waste stream and have the highest projected growth rate. Markets and uses for recycled plastics are rapidly expanding. Plastic containers are being collected at the curb for recycling in nearly 500 communities, representing more than 4 million households. U.S. demand for recycled plastic will continue to expand and new markets will develop as technologies permit the efficient segregation and reprocessing of high-purity resins. Improved quality of resins, environmental issues and higher prices for virgin resin will contribute to growth. Packaging is expected to be the largest market segment for recycled plastics, with sheet and lumber following. Surveys indicate that Americans are increasingly willing to collect and separate discarded packages, foregoing a degree of convenience to make products more disposable, and even paying a premium for a recycled item. Increasingly, communities are refusing to consider incineration until every effort is made first to recycle; public sentiment is strongly in favor of products that can be recycled or are made of recycled materials. In recent years, the household recycling rate of PET bottles has more than doubled to 30% of all PET soft drink bottles sold. In fact, PETs recycling rate is the fastest growing among all beverage containers. The future of PET recycling is even brighter than it has been in the past. PET intrinsic scrap value is second only to aluminium among container materials. The plastics industry has launched a research and development program aimed at increasing PET recycling. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), plastic soft drink bottles account for approximately 2% of the solid waste discarded in America. The EPA has set a national goal to recycle 25% of the municipal solid waste stream and the industry is committed to achieving its share of that important g oal. The recycling industry intends to accelerate the rate of plastic recycling as part of its commitment to develop solutions to the solid waste problem. Industry analysts have projected that 50% of all PET containers will be recycled by the year 2007. More plastics will be recycled annually than any other recyclable material. Replay believes a significant answer to Americas waste problem lies in creating high value, recycled thermoformable sheet and other extruded products for the packaging market. Although more than 200 million pounds of PET post-consumer materials are collected in the western United States each year, there is presently no local cleaning and refining facility converting the bottles into resins suitable for re-manufacturing. Originally, recycled PET (RPET) was used primarily in the carpet fiber industry, which is located along the eastern seaboard. The early development of the RPET industry was therefore focused in the eastern USA, with eastern states adopting the first bottle deposit laws that resulted in collection of post-consumer bottles that can be recycled. Recently, California, Oregon and Washington have adopted bottle deposit programs, and accumulation of recyclable materials in those states has begun. With all of the cleaning and recycling plants and the majority of consumers traditionally located in the eastern part of the country, development of consumers of recycled flake and down-line products, such as film and sheet, has been slow to develop in th e West. A strong demand for post-consumer bottles from Asia has prevented the buildup of inventories and reduced the pressure for the collection industry to find or develop western markets. There is currently no independent extrusion plant of recycled polyterephthalate (PET) sheet in the western United States or Canada that services the roll stock requirements of major custom and proprietary formers. With the development of the recycling industry for PET starting in the eastern part of the country, and the preponderance of consumers of sheet there as well, development of independent extrusion facilities using RPET has been slow to develop. It appears that in order to attract such companies, local sources of RPET would have to available. While there are customers in the West for the products, contracting a supply and shipping it from the East makes the venture unattractive. Our founders recognize that an opportunity exists and propose a vertically integrated conversion facility that will employ state-of-the-art technologies to produce extruded sheet and high strength strapping from 100% recycled PET post-consumer bottle stock, cleaned and refined in our own facility. 4.1 Target Market Segment Strategy The Company has chosen its target markets because recycled PET (RPET) is in high demand as flake resin by converters, as roll stock sheet used to produce high visibility packaging and as high strength strapping for the lumber industry. Sales are price-sensitive, so that proximity to markets and feed stock source provide a competitive edge. Replay Plastics identified an opportunity to take advantage of both circumstances in the western United States.

Do Political Campaign Contributions Impact the Outcome of Elections? :: essays research papers

Do Political Campaign Contributions Impact the Outcome of Elections? In the process of searching for a research question that has the possibility of gaining positive results one must find a dependent variable in addition to several independent variables that might be a direct cause or a factor in the dependent variable. In observing major political elections throughout my life I have noticed a recurring trend. In many elections one candidate outspends their opponent in an attempt to gain victory. I intend to set up a research design to determine whether independent variables concerning campaign contributions have an effect on the outcome of elections.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As campaign finance reform remains a hot topic in congress with legislation such as the McCain-Feinghold Bill, it is important to determine if campaign spending affects the outcome of elections. If the results this question indicate a direct relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable then legislative restrictions might necessary. If campaign spending does not factor in on the outcome of elections, then maybe there is nothing wrong with a candidate outspending their opponent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several articles and books have been written on this subject that I have found useful. According to Ruth S. Jones(1981) â€Å"These sentiments are often supplemented by a belief that the only way a minority party can win is by outspending opponents.† Throughout the article Jones focuses in on this trend. If this assumption is true it would indicate that outspending an incumbent is necessary to gain office.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Committee for Economic Development found similar results(1968), â€Å"Candidates with access to vast personal or family fortunes have a substantial advantage in the pursuit of high office.† This means that a wealthy candidate can in essence buy a victory in an election. This committee’s research has provided several facts toward my research plan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the contrary, in an article by Gary C. Jacobsen(1978),†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦spending by challengers has a substantial impact on election outcomes, whereas spending by incumbents has relatively little effect.† These findings add another Wrinkle in the process of framing my research design by forcing me to differentiate if spending by incumbents and challengers has a different impact. This article refers to a number of recent studies that found that there is a relationship between how much money is spent and how well a candidate does on election day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the twentieth century events have occurred that indicate that campaign spending in some instances factored in on the results of elections. Do Political Campaign Contributions Impact the Outcome of Elections? :: essays research papers Do Political Campaign Contributions Impact the Outcome of Elections? In the process of searching for a research question that has the possibility of gaining positive results one must find a dependent variable in addition to several independent variables that might be a direct cause or a factor in the dependent variable. In observing major political elections throughout my life I have noticed a recurring trend. In many elections one candidate outspends their opponent in an attempt to gain victory. I intend to set up a research design to determine whether independent variables concerning campaign contributions have an effect on the outcome of elections.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As campaign finance reform remains a hot topic in congress with legislation such as the McCain-Feinghold Bill, it is important to determine if campaign spending affects the outcome of elections. If the results this question indicate a direct relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable then legislative restrictions might necessary. If campaign spending does not factor in on the outcome of elections, then maybe there is nothing wrong with a candidate outspending their opponent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several articles and books have been written on this subject that I have found useful. According to Ruth S. Jones(1981) â€Å"These sentiments are often supplemented by a belief that the only way a minority party can win is by outspending opponents.† Throughout the article Jones focuses in on this trend. If this assumption is true it would indicate that outspending an incumbent is necessary to gain office.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Committee for Economic Development found similar results(1968), â€Å"Candidates with access to vast personal or family fortunes have a substantial advantage in the pursuit of high office.† This means that a wealthy candidate can in essence buy a victory in an election. This committee’s research has provided several facts toward my research plan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the contrary, in an article by Gary C. Jacobsen(1978),†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦spending by challengers has a substantial impact on election outcomes, whereas spending by incumbents has relatively little effect.† These findings add another Wrinkle in the process of framing my research design by forcing me to differentiate if spending by incumbents and challengers has a different impact. This article refers to a number of recent studies that found that there is a relationship between how much money is spent and how well a candidate does on election day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the twentieth century events have occurred that indicate that campaign spending in some instances factored in on the results of elections.

Psychology of Religion

Religion has been around since the earliest days.   Its presence in the lives of ancient people has provided some of the greatest defining moments for them.   Not only were their lives have been dramatically changed by their worship of God but the history of the whole religious community in the world as well. Over time, man has evolved and transformed his form of worship into a higher, or in his terms, grander, level of adoration. The earliest and most transparent symbols of man's god are the nature around him, fire, sun, water, animals, trees, etc. They were a constant reminder of an eternal presence of a higher being that never fails to love and protect his people. This being, who has been given countless names, has served as mankind's greatest indescribable source of strength and inspiration. However, man, due to his insatiable quest and desire to worship more and to know God more, has in turn faced one of his most painful fates in terms of his religion.   He has pushed himself harder to be the one among a thousand many who intimately knows God best.   This struggle to rise above the so-called flocks of God provided a feeling that aims perfection at all costs. Perfection, in a strictest sense, does not tolerate mistakes, provides the harshest critiques, and requires the utmost attention and dedication.   There is no place for failure, or if there would be one, a genuine penance is needed, sometimes to the point of being physically painful. When man aims perfection in his religion and worship, he opens to attitudes, behaviors, beliefs, and rituals that would make him appear higher and grander than anyone else.   This perception of a perfect act of worship becomes the central goal in life, diminishing all that stands in the way, including the most basic and essential aspects of human life – relationships. To what extent of faith, worship, and religion is considered extreme and unhealthy? What makes a certain behavior or belief unusual or sometimes, hurtful at all?   To give a clearer and more definite answers to the questions basically require an explanation of how an individual expresses his faith. Psychologists, psychotherapists, and those who cater professionally and medically to the treatment and study of the mental and emotional well-being have been witnesses to the importance of one's faith in his daily life.   Religion, as mentioned earlier, can provide inspiration and strength to move forward and to recover tremendously from life's greatest challenges and battles. It is not against psychology or any other branch of medical science to deprive an individual of an encouragement to grow on his faith.   But neither is it tolerant and kind towards harmful and unhealthy behaviors that resulted from that exact same faith.   Faith, religion, worship or any forma of service that gives inner peace for the heart and mind should be nothing but beneficial for a person. However, man has the inclination to go beyond what he is capable of. Religion has been turned into something that easily masks the harsh challenges of life. While it has been once a gentle source of inspiration, it has become a dark shadow that constantly haunts a person to be extremely loyal, devoted, and focused in his act of faith.   Psychology would tell us to face life equipped with mental and emotional knowledge and strength, not with dangerous behaviors and conduct. Therapists and researchers have provided us evidences and facts over the years that proved a person's addiction to perfect his form and style of worship.   Like any other forms of abuse – drugs, alcohol, sex, and food – religion harms the physical health, poisons the mind, and affects interpersonal relationships. When there is too much time and attention dedicated to something, a tendency to be bias in thinking and judgment would eventually occur. While a prayer is only supposed to be uttered in silence and solace, addiction to religion triggers intense arguments and becomes a rationalization to hide or cover inner personal issues, like anger, rage, lust, or guilt In the article written by   Ryan & VanVonderen (2000), religious addiction was defined by looking at the whole addiction process in general. Addiction, like substance use, for instance, can change our moods.   Alcohol and drugs can give us sensations during the onset of use. The sensations that we feel may be pleasant at all, but in order for our bodies to consistently feel that way, we need to be addicted to it, which requires or pushes us to use more.But that isn't always the case for some. For them, substance use, or the addiction, could stop them from feeling anything at all. Numbness is what they desire, probably to free themselves from experiencing emotional pain. Whatever the reasons for continuous use, this process of dependence to achieve a certain feeling is called tolerance. The hardest part in the whole addiction is the withdrawal. This happens when the substance is not always available or present; making its absence and the effects it brings to our body unbearably painful and hard. Like substance use, religious addiction can also be experienced through these three processes, the change of moods, tolerance and withdrawal.   Slobodzien, in his compilation of literature studies by various researchers, cited that there are two types of addiction.   Alcohol, drugs, and food fall under substance addiction, while relationship, sex, and religion fall under process addiction. Perhaps a more definite way to define religious addiction is the extreme or fanatical way one person dedicates himself to his religion.   There are certain specific rituals that he religiously practices, to the point of being compulsive. The practice then or the devotion becomes a pathological and physiological habit that makes him too dependent on the rituals or the religion, as a whole. Normally, a devout person balances things out in terms of his faith and his responsibilities.   He knows how to stand back and let his faith work out for the best, but at the same time he also knows how and when to take charge.   An individual may have intense faith and devotion to a god, but he doesn't make it a habit to be compulsively perfect and present in every practice and ritual. Religious addiction becomes bad or unhealthy when a person starts to develop this idea or imagination that religion, per se, can solve the problems in life. Addicts develop this false image of a stress-and-problem-free life that only happens when one is habitually practicing a certain ritual. Their strict mental attachment to their practices draws them away from the real picture of life, which is normally full of challenges and strife that we actually have to face and overcome. This imagination can turn into a hallucination, something they falsely and extremely believed in. And like substance addiction, a mood pattern gradually develops, and makes them experience both the processes and effects of tolerance and withdrawal. Shifting our focus away from extreme results of addiction to religion, that is, suicide, murder, and self-injury, we find ordinary behaviors and rituals that nonetheless bother and threaten our usual performance.   Prayers, church service, evangelization, meditation, and all other forms of rituals, can be detrimental to our inner being if the habits become the central focus of our lives. Ritualistic prayers, scripture reading, meditation, and even yoga, if done according to our objectives that they can indeed fix the mess in our lives,   could disturb the normal events and circumstances of our daily lives.   These habits could become a scripture, one that rigidly forces a person to be completely obedient to follow rules, standards, and even commandments from the Holy Books. This kind of behavior needs psychological treatment when the person is no longer attach to the surrounding around him, when he has completely forgotten and neglected the necessary things needed for his physical and emotional health. An extreme devotion to attain spiritual satisfaction provokes a person to defend his god, his religion, and his beliefs.   This is not kind or healthy at all for the social aspects of a person because he would feel extreme rage, anger, fear, and hatred towards somebody or something that does not agree with his beliefs. If he sees the world as somewhat different and far from his own point of view, he withdraws from social and physical contacts, to the point of depriving himself of the intimacy of love, friendship, and romance. This attitude requires psychological treatment when an individual possesses uncontrollable angry behaviors that are not logical at all. If untreated, this feeling of defensiveness could provoke him to engage not only in verbal attacks, but in physical ones as well. There is also the struggle for superiority, which is not at all unrelated to perfection. When one struggles to be superior and is obsessed with achieving it,   he develops this false image of himself as the chosen one, the messenger of God, or that someone who has been in close contact with God. Having this image is a selfish and self-righteous way to declare superiority because it sprang from an illusion, and not from reality. This attitude has reportedly been the cause of many religious scandals in the past, especially when a person has reaches the point where he denies and hates himself for being human. Psychologists consider it as a serious psychological disorder when this led a person to change something in himself, to the point of hurting his body physically or changing or removing his sexuality. When all these self-expressions of faith become a nasty habit that destroys the physical, emotional, and mental aspects, a call for immediate psychological treatment is necessary.   Addiction, after all, is a very hard habit to break and to forget, one that requires a lengthy process and full cooperation (Slobodzien, n. d.). There are existing religious groups, which some have been labeled as cults, that demand and oblige the followers to give up something or everything of themselves just to please the god of their worship (Emick, 2007). Some have been too controversial enough to be ignored by the press and the people.   Their once discreet way of handling the people have been exposed and have shown their twisted concept that human emotion, feelings, and sensations are not godly, divine, and sacred. Thus, punishing themselves physically for being human.   These groups, led by a leader who primarily pushes the followers to be strictly perfect in every sense of their faith, have received harsh critics and judgments both from the medical and non-medical world. Psychology knows best the treatment of one addicted to religion. It is not easy to remove the religious and negative habits of worship without looking at an individual's personal background. A person's roots are always the best way and place to start in treating his unusual habits. What are the person's family upbringing, his social environment, and even his spiritual and religious beliefs? These questions would surely point the painful truth and causes behind his addiction and bizarre forms of worship. A psychological treatment is necessary when a religious person has finally lost his ability to think and to reason rationally and objectively and when he has developed a certain obsession towards a ritual or a habit that he finds hard to control and stop. In some cases, religious addiction has reached the worst scenario when the health and normal behavioral habits, like eating and sleeping, have been badly affected.   Some experiences severe body pains or headaches that are the results of pushing themselves hard to perform certain rituals. Treating religious addiction, like any psychological disorder, must be completely understood in order to determine its origins or the factors that caused its development.   Counseling is primarily the first step. It is through talk therapy that the person starts or slowly opens up his own behaviors and the reasons he does them. Psychotherapy, or any other psychological therapy, would enable an individual to share his own views, feelings, and ideas without being contradicted or discriminated. Through regular therapy, many individuals achieve success in treating and understanding their unusual behaviors.   Hearing advice and counsel from psychologists or therapies is also a very effective way in overcoming the addiction. In cases when a patient has been declared mentally disturbed, physically unable to care for himself, or has the tendency to harm himself or other people due to his addiction, rehabilitation is the better treatment. Other alternative treatments that are considered helpful and effective are therapeutic activities that involve the use of mind and body to perform well. Self-help groups or group counseling are also beneficial. References Emick, J. (2007). New Religions in the twentieth century.   Alternative Religions. Retrieved Jan 17, 2006 from    http://altreligion.about.com/library/weekly/aa042702a.htm?terms=new+century Ryan, D. S. and VanVonderen, J. (2000). When Religion Goes Bad,   Part 2 Religious Addiction. Spiritual Abuse Recovery Resources. Retrieved Jan 17, 2006 from http://www.spiritualabuse.com/dox/gobad2.htm Slobodzien, J. (no date). Religious Fanaticism and Poly-behavioral Addiction. The   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cauldron: A Pagan Forum. Retrieved Jan 17, 2006 from http://www.ecauldron.com/articles/archives/2006/05/entry_51.php

Sicilian Proverbs, Sayings, and Expressions

Sicilian Proverbs, Sayings, and Expressions Sicilian is a Romance language mainly spoken in Sicily, an Italian island in the Mediterranean Sea. The language is distinct from Italian, though the two languages have influenced each other and some people speak a dialect that combines elements of both. If you are ​traveling to Sicily or one of its nearby islands, you will want to familiarize yourself with some common Sicilian proverbs and expressions. Faith Like the rest of Italy, Sicily has been hugely influenced by the theology and traditions of the Roman Catholic Church. The language is filled with expressions related to faith, sin, and divine justice. Ammuccia lu latinu gnuranza di parrinu.Latin hides the stupidity of the priest. Fidi sarva, no lignu di varca.Faith is salvation, not the wood of a ship. Jiri n celu ognunu và ²; larmu ccà ¨, li forzi no.Everyone wants to go to heaven; the desire is there but the fortitude is not. Lu pintimentu lava lu piccatu.Repentance washes away sin. Lu Signiuruzzu li cosi, li fici dritti, vinni lu diavulu e li sturcà ¬u.God made things straight, the devil came and twisted them. Zoccu à ¨ datu da Diu, nun pà ² mancari.What is given by God, cant be lacking. Money Many Sicilian proverbs, like those in English, are expressions of financial wisdom and advice that have been passed down through the ages, including recommendations about buying, selling, and living within ones means. Accatta caru e vinni mircatu.Buy good quality and sell at the market price. Accatta di quattru e vinni dottu.Buy at the cost of four and sell at the cost of eight. Cu accatta abbisogna di centocchi; cu vinni dun sulu.Buyer beware. Cui nun voli pagari, sassuggetta ad ogni pattu.Who doesnt intend to pay, signs any contract. La scarsizza fa lu prezzu.Scarcity sets the price. Omu dinarusu, omu pinsirusu.A wealthy man is a pensive man. Riccu si pà ² diri cui campa cu lu so aviri.One who lives within his means can be said to be rich. Sà ¬ggiri prestamenti, pagari tardamenti; cu sa qualchi accidenti, non si ni paga nenti.Collect promptly, pay slowly; who knows, in case of an accident, youll pay nothing. Unni ccà ¨ oru, ccà ¨ stolu.Gold attracts a crowd. Zicchi e dinari su forti a scippari.Ticks and money are difficult to pluck out. Food Drink Sicily is famous for its cuisine, and its no surprise that the language has several sayings about food and drink. These will surely come in handy when youre out dining with family and friends. Mancia cudu e vivi friddu.Eat warm and drink cold. Mancia di sanu e vivi di malatu.Eat with gusto but drink in moderation. Non cà ¨ megghiu sarsa di la fami.Hunger is the best sauce. Weather Seasons Like other Mediterranean destinations, Sicily is known for its mild climate. The only unpleasant time of year might be February- the worst month, according to one Sicilian saying. Aprili fa li ciuri e le biddizzi, lonuri lhavi lu misi di maju.April makes the flowers and the beauty, but May gets all the credit. Burrasca furiusa prestu passa.A furious storm passes quickly. Frivareddu à ¨ curtuliddu, ma nun cà ¨ cchià ¹ tintu diddu.February may be short but its the worst month. Giugnettu, lu frummentu sutta lu lettu.In July, store the grain under the bed. Misi di maju, mà ¨ttiti n casa ligna e furmaggiu.Use your time in May to stock up for winter. Pruvulazzu di jinnaru crrica lu sularu.A dry January means a filled hayloft. Si jinnaru un jinnarà ­a, frivaru malu pensa.If it isnt wintry in January then expect the worst in February. Una bedda jurnata nun fa stati.One beautiful day doesnt make a summer. Miscellaneous Some Sicilian expressions are common in English, too, such as  batti lu ferru mentri à ¨ cudu  (strike while the iron is hot). The sayings below can be used in a variety of situations. A paisi unni chi vai, comu vidi fari fai.When in Rome, do as the Romans do. Batti lu ferru mentri à ¨ cudu.Strike while the iron is hot. Cani abbaia e voi pasci.Dogs bark and oxen graze. Cu vigghia, la pigghia.The early bird catches the worm. Cui cerca, trova; cui sà ¨cuta, vinci.Who seeks, finds; who perseveres, wins. Cui multi cosi accumenza, nudda nni finisci.Who starts many things,  finishes nothing. Cui scerri cerca, scerri trova.Who looks for a quarrel, finds a quarrel. Di guerra, caccia e amuri, pri un gustu milli duluri.In war, hunting, and love you suffer a thousand pains for one pleasure. È gran pazzia lu cuntrastari cu du nun pà ´ vinciri nà © appattari.Its insane to oppose when you can neither win nor compromise. Li ricchi cchià ¹ chi nnhannu, cchià ¹ nni vonnu.The more you have, the more you want. Ntra greci e greci nun si vinni abbraciu.Theres honor among thieves. Nun mà ¨ttiri lu carru davanti li voi.Dont put the cart before the horse. Ogni mali nun veni pri nà ²ciri.Not every pain comes to harm you. Quannu amuri tuppulà ¬a, un lu lassari nmenzu la via.When love knocks, be sure to answer. Supra lu majuri si nsigna lu minuri.We learn by standing on the shoulders of the wise. Unni ccà ¨ focu, pri lu fumu pari.Where theres smoke, theres fire. Vali cchià ¹ un tistimonà ¬u di visu, chi centu doricchia.The testimony of one eyewitness is worth more than the hearsay of a hundred.

Money Saver Essays - Security Engineering, Computer Security

Money Saver Essays - Security Engineering, Computer Security Money Saver Create an application to manage budget on daily/weekly/monthly/yearly basis. The application only generates alerts and messages for the user by reading his accounts and does not have any kind of writing or editing access for the accounts. Basic Features: The user will first enter his own account on the application by entering his details like name, DOB, gender, phone number, email address, username and an password for the account. The user will enter the information of all the credit and debit cards he owns in the application and also the bank account detail s. The application will access the bank account and will get read-only values from the bank and display them. The user will enter his income for every day/week/month /year. The user will enter his savings for every day/week/month/year. The user will enter his budget for every day/week/month. The user will also enter a certain amount or percentage as a penalty/interest if he exceeds the budget. The user will get several alerts from the application as to when he reaches the half and when he is near to his complete budget. The user will also get a warning when he has used up all his budget. If user exceeds the budget, he will have to repay the amount he used on the next cycle with penalty/interest which is decided by him. If he fails to do so the interest amount will keep on increasing every cycle. All the expenses will be stored in the application which he will be able to access to check and keep track of them. Extra Features: If the user is going on a trip or vacation. The application will help him in setting a vacation budget. The user will have to enter the vacation details as to how long he is going , where he is going , cost of staying, traveling and if he is going with family or friends and where he is going. The application will also have an option for family vacation budget if he is going with family or individual (for himself) vacation budget if he is going with friends or something. He will get time to time alerts as he is using the budget. If he uses some extra money, he will have to return it during the next cycle with interest (decided by user). The interest amount will go on increasing if he fails to completely return the extra money. Security: Account Security: The user will have to create an account in order to use the application. The account password will be highly sensitive. The password should contain at least 8 characters with at least 1 upper-case character, 1 special character , 2 numbers, no spaces. The password will then be encrypted and stored in the database. Once the application is installed on the device, it will authorise the device. The application can be authorised to maximum of two devices only. The username will be remembered by the device but he user will have to enter the password every time he tries to login. The application will have two-way authentication. If the user tries to login from any other device, application will send a code via text message or email, the user will have to enter the code in order to login. Bank Details Security: As I don't possess much knowledge about security so it would be risky if I handle the security of the bank details instead, I can use third party applications to store them or ask an expert to build a secure system for me. As if the information is hacked. It will be disastrous and I would face a huge loss and won't be able to pay the debts. This can also be done for Account Security. As it would be easy for me as I would not have to deal with any kind of security and the issues related to it .

Measuring Public Sector Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Measuring Public Sector Performance - Essay Example Then, common models of performance measurement and how they were developed are investigated. Third, the public and private sectors are compared and contrasted to highlight similarities and differences in their functions, goals, and outputs. Fourth, key developments in private and public sector performance measures are reviewed and discussed to highlight the convergence in the efforts of each sector to address stakeholder expectations. The paper concludes with a set of observations that disprove the hypothesis by showing that performance measurement as a basis for financial accountability and management in both the private and public sectors has become more complex and difficult and provide challenges for everyone. Â  Any discussion of organizational performance begins with an understanding of the nature of human organizations and why they exist. Like the human beings who establish them, every organization exists for a purpose, a set of goals or objectives that has to be achieved. By custom and for analytical convenience, organizations are classified based on their main purpose; thus, there are private-sector, public-sector, not-for-profit, institutional, voluntary, and mixed organizations. Table 1 summarises each of these organizational types, their specific purposes, and some basic examples of each. Â  Regardless of the type, an organization can be said to be successful if it meets the purpose(s) for which it is established, and with success comes its continued growth and existence. Otherwise, it would be better for an organization that does not meet its purpose for existing to close down. This is where accounting as a management tool proves its usefulness because it helps provide public sector organizations with the means to measure performance (Jones et al., 2002).

Case Study 9&10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Case Study 9 - Essay Example In fact, â€Å"cultural sensitivity, cultural intelligence, and certain specific global leadership skills are essential for inspiring people from cultures other than ones own† (DuBrin, 2013, p. 451). In the given example, the way Calvin interpreted the remark given by his team-leader in Great Britain demonstrates the low level of his cultural sensitivity. Actually, he tried to find the reason of low sales in lack of cooperation within his international team not in his managerial skills. Hence, the most important issue is that he tries to fix international challenges in American way. In order to provide the solution, above all it is necessary to mention that commitment is an essential part of each team. Therefore, each member of the company should easily recognize the general aim in order to stay motivated at the workplace. In a given example, the very idea of creating disaster insurance is referring to the universal value of security. Nevertheless, the company did not appropriately notice the difference in specific causes of insecurity. For instance, USA suffers from hurricanes, Japan is facing constant earthquakes, and Great Britain is not that preoccupied with natural but artificial anomalies. Consequently, the final product must be different for these countries to increase commitment of the international team. The advantages of this approach are evident in world experience. In this context, McDonalds company is the best example of effective management in international teams. It gives enough freedom to the local representatives to sale the goods in favor to local tastes. However, the potential disadvantage is that team can become so independent that it will not need American managers to be successful on the local market. In other words, it can be too late to change the interpersonal relations within the company. Thus, there are several methods to increase the effectiveness of the international

MKT3018 E-retailing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

MKT3018 E-retailing - Assignment Example The number of users of eBay had increased considerably. In the year 2000, the total views of eBay sites were almost 120–130 m on a daily basis and the figure rose to 325 m per day in 2003 (Frost & Et. Al., 2003). Resource Capability of eBay From the inception of eBay, it had outsourced the administration and prerequisites of the core constituents of the technical capability, for example, bandwidth prerequisite, website hosting, and data axis hosting at the same time owing to the authentic server controlled in the hosting hubs. Technical Capability For a company to become more feasible in internet shopping the most important factor is the technical capability. It is important for a company to have strong technical capacity in order to survive in the business. The technical capability signifies adequate capability to serve web pages, stock listings, customer details and sales transaction procedures. These features play vital part for drawing fresh customers as well as maintainin g existing customers. With regard to eBay, its technical capability is made up of several modules which are bandwidth, inventory capability, and processing capability. These modules are administered independently in eBay. eBay has ‘system availability’ which works as a substitute for capacity, since it replicates the part of customer requirements that are supplied successfully by eBay. It is the crucial objective of eBay’s capability planning (Frost & Et. Al., 2003). Product Development Capability (PDC) Through Product Development Capability (PDC), eBay had made itself a strong competitor in the internet shopping segment. In the perspective of eBay, PDC is not only the improvement to the core site utility but also the accumulation of additional...Feasibility Of Developing Expanded Internet Shopping Capability Of eBay eBay is known as one of the leading international online marketplaces where people can shop almost anything. It provides a stage for trading products or services by various communities and businesses. eBay has the capability to provide expanded internet shopping (eBay Inc, 2011). eBay had started its operations in the year 1995. It had good capability in marketing and thus it successfully adjusted with the exceptional growth in the e–retailing industry. The number of users of eBay had increased considerably. In the year 2000, the total views of eBay sites were almost 120–130 m on a daily basis and the figure rose to 325 m per day in 2003 (Frost & Et. Al., 2003). Resource Capability of eBay From the inception of eBay, it had outsourced the administration and prerequisites of the core constituents of the technical capability, for example, bandwidth prerequisite, website hosting, and data axis hosting at the same time owing to the authentic server controlled in the hosting hubs. Technical Capability For a company to become more feasible in internet shopping the most important factor is the technical capability. It is important for a company to have strong technical capacity in order to survive in the business. The technical capability signifies adequate capability to serve web pages, stock listings, customer details and sales transaction procedures. These features play vital part for drawing fresh customers as well as maintaining existing customers. With regard to eBay, its technical capability is made up of several modules which are bandwidth, inventory capability, and processing capability. These modules are administered independently in eBay. eBay has ‘system availability’ which works as a substitute for capacity, since it replicates the part of customer requirements that are supplied successfully by eBay. It is the crucial objective of eBay’s capability planning (Frost & Et. Al., 2003). Product Development Capability (PDC) Through Product Development Capability (PDC), eBay had made itself a strong competitor in the internet shopping segment. In the perspective of eBay, PDC is not only the improvement to the core site utility but also the accumulation of additional services such as payment approval and dispensation, seller assessment and authorisation, expansion of new marketplace e.g. real estate industry and B2B apparatus transactions. In eBay, the PDC includes numerous interior and external resources i.e. practical skills needed to construct and organise pioneering software services that are employed by PDC procedure. The PDC procedure heavily depends on existing shoppers’ contribution to create and authenticate ideas for new services along with interior business expansion and feasible expansion of the brand & operational capabilities.